Independencia

Independencia: a study of when to celebrate Independence Day in New Mexico

May

5 May 1862 Cinco de Mayo - Ignacio Zaragoza,, Benito Juárez
- May 14 - Paraguay
1776 - May 15 - Resolution passed by the Continental Congress for Independence
1902 - May 20 - Cuba
1822 - May 24 - Ecuador
1966 - May 26 - Guyana

June

On June 11, 1776 while the question of independence was being debated, the visiting Iroquois chiefs were formally invited into the meeting hall of the Continental Congress. There a speech was delivered, in which they were addressed as "Brothers" and told of the delegates' wish that the "friendship" between them would "continue as long as the sun shall shine" and the "waters run." The speech also expressed the hope that the new Americans and the Iroquois act "as one people, and have but one heart."[18] After this speech, an Onondaga chief requested permission to give Hancock an Indian name. The Congress graciously consented, and so the president was renamed "Karanduawn, or the Great Tree." With the Iroquois chiefs inside the halls of Congress on the eve of American Independence, the impact of Iroquois ideas on the founders is unmistakable.
June 18, 1868 - Navajos leave Hwéeldi. (August 1862 to end of 1866 - Navajo Long Walk)
1868 Barboncito negotiates a return: “After we get back to our country, all brill brighten up again and Navajos will be as happy as the land. Black clouds will rise and there will be plenty of rain. Corn will grow in abundance, and every thing will look happy.
Treaty signed June 1. Barboncito described it: we are very pleased with what you have said and well satisfied with that reservation; it is the very heart of our country and it is more than we ever expected to get.
Peparations to leave took only 3 weeks for the 7,000 Diné still at the Fort. Departure date: June 18
1863 January 1 - Emancipation Proclamation
June 19, 1865, Galveston Harbor - Emancipation announced to slaves in Texas
June 19, 1867 - Benito Juárez, El Paso del Norte, Maximiliano

July

1776 - July 2 - John Adams predicts that this day will be celebrated across the continent with fireworks and music throughout all ages of history. This is the day the the Congress approved the Declaration composed by Thomas Jefferson. This was an arduous process with much resistance and debate.
1776 - July 4 - The day we celebrate the Declaration of Independence that set a precedent for all the countries of the world Yankee Doodle (G)
1848 - July 4 - New Mexico joins the United States 25 years later with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, July 4, 1848.
1821 - July 5 - Venezuela
1816 - July 9 - Argentina
1822 - September 7 - Brazil
1819 - July 10 - Bahamas
1810 - July 20 - Colombia
1821 - July 28 - Peru

August

August 19, 1776, the members of the Congress ALL sign the Declaration of Independence in response to Benjamin Franklin's argument that "we will all hang together or all hang seperately".

September

1850 - September 9 - NM becomes a Territory of the U.S.
1777 - September 11 - The Battle of Brandywine is the first battle fought under the Stars and Stripes. General Washington lost 1200-1300 of 11,000 men. British take Philadelphia (the patriot capitol) under General Howe with 12,500 men. Stars and Stripes Forever (John Phillip Sousa). Dahnaat’a’í Bee Hodílzin
1814 - September 11 - The Battle of Lake Champlain.
1814 - September 14 - Francis Scott Key pens “The Star Spangled Banner” on September 14th 1814. Dahnaat’a’í Bee Hodílzin
1973 - September 11 - Allende/Pinochet - Coups in Chile ordered by U.S. president Nixon
2001 - September 11 - The terrorists are finally successful in bringing down the World Trade Center after attempting several times. Hijacked planes crash in New York City, Pennsylvania, and Washington, D.C. Over 3,000 are lost, including citizens of many nations. September 11 is designated as “Patriot’s Day” by President Bush. Attack on America: Bik’ijiijéé’ America. September 11, 2001 - Biniit’™™tsoh ¬aats’áada naakidimíl yázhí dóó baa’™™n a¬a’í
1821 - September 15 - Costa Rica, Guatemala
1838 - September 15 - Honduras
1810 - September 15 - The native born people of our region (Criollos) meet to discuss freedom from Spain. The meeting is in the home of Doña Josef Ortiz de Domínguez is discovered by the Españoles (Gachupines). Doña Josefa sends word to Padre Hidalgo. He rings the bell of the church late in the evening of September 15th. Viva la Independencia (A). Beehazáanii bik’ehgo kééhwitt’ªªdo.
1810 - September 16 - The Grito de Dolores sets in motion the revolution for freedom of the huge region from Oregón to Yucatán. The land where we live now becomes free so our predecessors can seek their own destiny. The war ends in 1821. The Constitution of 1823 forms México.
1835 - Mexican authority with Jemez warriors - 1000 soldiers march into Diné Bikeyah to punish and give an example
Narbona (in his late 60s) organized a resistence force of 200 men at Béésh Lichii’ i Bigiizh Pass between Ch’ooshgai Mountains and Tónítsaa Mountains at 8,800 feet near Crystal. The soldiers spread into a long line to go through the pass. Narbona compared that line to a long branch that could quickly be cut into firewood, which Narbona did. Through effective tactical plannig meet urgent demands and challenges of daily life.
1787 - September 17 - tsost’id ts’áadah. The Constitutional Convention presided over by George Washington in Philadelphia concluded its work on what is now the oldest federal constitution in existence. It is based on the oldest existing constitution on the planet: the Massachussetts Commonwealth Constitution written by John Adams, and the Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy (People of the Six Nations). September 17 is U.S. Citizenship Day. This week is U.S. Constitution Week. T’áá sahdii niihii nahat’á siláadoo (We’ll have our own governing body) Septiembre (C)
In his Defence of the Constitution of . . . Government in the United States, John Adams discussed the Iroquois political system. By John Kahionhes Fadden.
Adams' Defence was a critical survey of world governments and he included a description of the Iroquois and other Native American government in his analysis. In his preface, Adams mentioned the Inca, Manco Capac, and the political structure "of the Peruvians." He also noted that tribes in "North America have certain families from which their leaders are always chosen."[30] Adams believed that American Indian governments collected their authority in one center (a simple or unicameral model), and he also observed that in American Indian governments "the people" believed that "all depended on them."[31] Later in the preface, John Adams observed that Benjamin Franklin, the French Philosophes and other "great philosophers and politicians of the age were "attempting to "set up governments of . . . modern Indians."[32]
1818 - September 18 - Chile
1983 - September 19 - St. Christopher-Nevis
1821 - September 21 - El Salvador
1821 - September 28 - Nicaragua

The role of Education

Manuelito, son-in-law of Narbona, told Chee Dodge: The bilagáana have many things which we Navajos need, but we cannot get them. It is as though the whites were in a grassy canyon and there they have wagons, plows, and plenty of food. We Naavajos are up on a dry mesas, we can hear them talking but cannot get to thejm. My grandchildren, Education is the ladder. Tell our people to take it. (Manuelito sent his 3 sons to boarding schools where each died.)

The 19th Century view of this ladder was “a way out”, a way to leave being and Indian and become something else; but a ladder let’s you go both ways. It is a tool to get what you need and return with it, so you can use it where you are.
Education is a lifelong habit to get what you need to strengthen your people: Larencita Billy, earned 2 Masters degrees in 2004 the year her son, Anderson Billy, graduated from Window Rock High School.



		Independencia Independencia: a study of when to celebrate Independence Day in New Mexico May 5 May 1862 Cinco de Mayo - Ignacio Zaragoza,, Benito Juárez - May 14 - Paraguay 1776 - May 15 - Resolution passed by the Continental Congress for Independence 1902 - May 20 - Cuba 1822 - May 24 - Ecuador 1966 - May 26 - Guyana June On June 11, 1776 while the question of independence was being debated, the visiting Iroquois chiefs were formally invited into the meeting hall of the Continental Congress. There a speech was delivered, in which they were addressed as "Brothers" and told of the delegates' wish that the "friendship" between them would "continue as long as the sun shall shine" and the "waters run." The speech also expressed the hope that the new Americans and the Iroquois act "as one people, and have but one heart."[18] After this speech, an Onondaga chief requested permission to give Hancock an Indian name. The Congress graciously consented, and so the president was renamed "Karanduawn, or the Great Tree." With the Iroquois chiefs inside the halls of Congress on the eve of American Independence, the impact of Iroquois ideas on the founders is unmistakable. June 18, 1868 - Navajos leave Hwéeldi. (August 1862 to end of 1866 - Navajo Long Walk) 1868 Barboncito negotiates a return: “After we get back to our country, all brill brighten up again and Navajos will be as happy as the land. Black clouds will rise and there will be plenty of rain. Corn will grow in abundance, and every thing will look happy. Treaty signed June 1. Barboncito described it: we are very pleased with what you have said and well satisfied with that reservation; it is the very heart of our country and it is more than we ever expected to get. Peparations to leave took only 3 weeks for the 7,000 Diné still at the Fort. Departure date: June 18 1863 January 1 - Emancipation Proclamation June 19, 1865, Galveston Harbor - Emancipation announced to slaves in Texas June 19, 1867 - Benito Juárez, El Paso del Norte, Maximiliano July 1776 - July 2 - John Adams predicts that this day will be celebrated across the continent with fireworks and music throughout all ages of history. This is the day the the Congress approved the Declaration composed by Thomas Jefferson. This was an arduous process with much resistance and debate. 1776 - July 4 - The day we celebrate the Declaration of Independence that set a precedent for all the countries of the world Yankee Doodle (G) 1848 - July 4 - New Mexico joins the United States 25 years later with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, July 4, 1848. 1821 - July 5 - Venezuela 1816 - July 9 - Argentina 1822 - September 7 - Brazil 1819 - July 10 - Bahamas 1810 - July 20 - Colombia 1821 - July 28 - Peru August August 19, 1776, the members of the Congress ALL sign the Declaration of Independence in response to Benjamin Franklin's argument that "we will all hang together or all hang seperately". September 1850 - September 9 - NM becomes a Territory of the U.S. 1777 - September 11 - The Battle of Brandywine is the first battle fought under the Stars and Stripes. General Washington lost 1200-1300 of 11,000 men. British take Philadelphia (the patriot capitol) under General Howe with 12,500 men. Stars and Stripes Forever (John Phillip Sousa). Dahnaat’a’í Bee Hodílzin 1814 - September 11 - The Battle of Lake Champlain. 1814 - September 14 - Francis Scott Key pens “The Star Spangled Banner” on September 14th 1814. Dahnaat’a’í Bee Hodílzin 1973 - September 11 - Allende/Pinochet - Coups in Chile ordered by U.S. president Nixon 2001 - September 11 - The terrorists are finally successful in bringing down the World Trade Center after attempting several times. Hijacked planes crash in New York City, Pennsylvania, and Washington, D.C. Over 3,000 are lost, including citizens of many nations. September 11 is designated as “Patriot’s Day” by President Bush. Attack on America: Bik’ijiijéé’ America. September 11, 2001 - Biniit’™™tsoh ¬aats’áada naakidimíl yázhí dóó baa’™™n a¬a’í 1821 - September 15 - Costa Rica, Guatemala 1838 - September 15 - Honduras 1810 - September 15 - The native born people of our region (Criollos) meet to discuss freedom from Spain. The meeting is in the home of Doña Josef Ortiz de Domínguez is discovered by the Españoles (Gachupines). Doña Josefa sends word to Padre Hidalgo. He rings the bell of the church late in the evening of September 15th. Viva la Independencia (A). Beehazáanii bik’ehgo kééhwitt’ªªdo. 1810 - September 16 - The Grito de Dolores sets in motion the revolution for freedom of the huge region from Oregón to Yucatán. The land where we live now becomes free so our predecessors can seek their own destiny. The war ends in 1821. The Constitution of 1823 forms México. 1835 - Mexican authority with Jemez warriors - 1000 soldiers march into Diné Bikeyah to punish and give an example Narbona (in his late 60s) organized a resistence force of 200 men at Béésh Lichii’ i Bigiizh Pass between Ch’ooshgai Mountains and Tónítsaa Mountains at 8,800 feet near Crystal. The soldiers spread into a long line to go through the pass. Narbona compared that line to a long branch that could quickly be cut into firewood, which Narbona did. Through effective tactical plannig meet urgent demands and challenges of daily life. 1787 - September 17 - tsost’id ts’áadah. The Constitutional Convention presided over by George Washington in Philadelphia concluded its work on what is now the oldest federal constitution in existence. It is based on the oldest existing constitution on the planet: the Massachussetts Commonwealth Constitution written by John Adams, and the Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy (People of the Six Nations). September 17 is U.S. Citizenship Day. This week is U.S. Constitution Week. T’áá sahdii niihii nahat’á siláadoo (We’ll have our own governing body) Septiembre (C) In his Defence of the Constitution of . . . Government in the United States, John Adams discussed the Iroquois political system. By John Kahionhes Fadden. Adams' Defence was a critical survey of world governments and he included a description of the Iroquois and other Native American government in his analysis. In his preface, Adams mentioned the Inca, Manco Capac, and the political structure "of the Peruvians." He also noted that tribes in "North America have certain families from which their leaders are always chosen."[30] Adams believed that American Indian governments collected their authority in one center (a simple or unicameral model), and he also observed that in American Indian governments "the people" believed that "all depended on them."[31] Later in the preface, John Adams observed that Benjamin Franklin, the French Philosophes and other "great philosophers and politicians of the age were "attempting to "set up governments of . . . modern Indians."[32] 1818 - September 18 - Chile 1983 - September 19 - St. Christopher-Nevis 1821 - September 21 - El Salvador 1821 - September 28 - Nicaragua The role of Education Manuelito, son-in-law of Narbona, told Chee Dodge: The bilagáana have many things which we Navajos need, but we cannot get them. It is as though the whites were in a grassy canyon and there they have wagons, plows, and plenty of food. We Naavajos are up on a dry mesas, we can hear them talking but cannot get to thejm. My grandchildren, Education is the ladder. Tell our people to take it. (Manuelito sent his 3 sons to boarding schools where each died.) The 19th Century view of this ladder was “a way out”, a way to leave being and Indian and become something else; but a ladder let’s you go both ways. It is a tool to get what you need and return with it, so you can use it where you are. Education is a lifelong habit to get what you need to strengthen your people: Larencita Billy, earned 2 Masters degrees in 2004 the year her son, Anderson Billy, graduated from Window Rock High School.